's first carbon trading pilot provinces and cities in seven. Launched a pilot project in Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, has announced the launch of the next, Tianjin, Hubei, Shenzhen, Chongqing will also be launched pilot. Deployment in accordance with the decision-making level, China will start seven pilot carbon trading at the end of 2013, built a national carbon trading market - a parallel market and the stock market in 2015. Time is pressing. Emission reduction commitments by the Chinese government: 2020, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP than in 2005 decreased by 40% -45%. The status quo is not satisfactory - in 2011, did not complete the three energy-saving emission reduction targets. As soon as possible to start domestic carbon trading market, accelerate the pace of energy conservation and emission reduction, the proper meaning. However, in the face of a domestic carbon trading market is almost blank basis, seven pilot provinces and cities is determined from the total carbon emissions to the quota allocated to the establishment of the regulatory mechanisms need to be designed from the market system "from scratch". The mandatory the first single Guangzhou carbon Exchange first single business, with four companies signed a carbon emissions quotas subscribe confirmation. (002233.SZ), the Yangchun limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as the Conch Cement), Sinoma (Luoding) Cement Co,hollister., Ltd,these days they are being squeezed in their home is full. (hereinafter referred to the Sinoma cement), China Resources Cement (Luoding) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as China Resources Cement) 60 yuan / ton price, spent 67.99 million yuan to subscribe for 130 million tons of carbon emissions quotas. This is based on the first emissions trading under the total control of carbon emissions. Four cement companies declined a the Finance reporter's interview request. A cement industry insiders They complained: "We do not want to do the first 'eat the crabs' the people, but even if reluctantly,abercrombie deutschland, only government departments to keep pace." Finance reporter understands, 2012 On May 28, the Development and Reform Commission of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Exchange Group Co., Ltd,sac lancel., the designer of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Energy (hereinafter referred to as the Guangzhou Institute of Energy), Sun Yat-sen University, such as carbon trading to the European Union to study the carbon emissions market. The expedition back after the delegation from the European Union, the cement industry to become the focus of the discussion of the control row object, and eventually replace the electric power and building materials become the first industry to start carbon trading pilot. "Compared with other industries, the cement industry is an urgent need to eliminate backward production capacity, Guangdong's rapid economic development in recent years, bringing a large number of fixed assets investment and construction, cement industry development is not balanced, too small cement plants, so it is necessary to turn off the part of the backward capacity. Guangzhou Exchange Group Co., Ltd. Chairman Li Zhengxi analysis of the "financial" reporters. Subscription quota in accordance with the transaction design, the four cement companies, the new cement production capacity for the future purchase of carbon emission credits, which the government provided free of charge 90% of the quota, the enterprises themselves to buy 10% of the quota. Subscription situation Tower Brand Group, Conch Cement, Sinoma Cement and China Resources Cement to subscribe for 470,000 tons, 410,000 tons, 210,000 tons, 210,000 tons,louboutin pas cher, and this corresponds to the cost of 24.58 million yuan, 21.44 million yuan, 10.98 million yuan, 10.98 million yuan. Can be judged according to the price trend of future quotas, the quota sale or hoarding,hollister uk. "After 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission no longer approve new projects of the cement industry, many cement companies 'birth permits', but a lot of money upfront investment if the four companies new capacity approved subscription quota spend money of course, is worth it. "analysis of the cement industry insiders. In September 2009, the State Council approved the Development and Reform Commission and other departments on the inhibition of overcapacity in some industries and redundant construction guide the healthy development of industry "(Guo Fa No. 38), the clear requirements of the provinces (cities, districts) must as soon as possible to develop years to completely eliminate backward production capacity timetable. The cement industry to industry sources, Guangdong had planned to eliminate backward production capacity through new capacity, given the timetable: add 30 million tons of production capacity in 2015, out of 30 million tons of production capacity. "If you go the route that we design, the target can be completed. However, since 2009 the state has not approved any new capacity, out of production is impossible to carry out." The person believes. Energy consumption industry, the emission reduction is the same headache. 18 the energy consumption of the steel, paper,the future government functions can be summarized as "triple Less", glass, aluminum smelting industry is faced with the task of eliminating backward production capacity target multiple industries for a long time no longer approve new capacity projects. Subscription quota of four cement companies specified by the Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Commission, and the right of approval of new projects in the hands of the National Development and Reform Commission, whether the approval is not optimistic. Equivalent to open a hole, if approved, other enterprises the subscription quotas capacity approval, including those not in the carbon trading pilot provinces to subscribe for the quota,jacken moncler, it would be chaos; not granted, how carbon trading "The cement industry insiders said,louboutin. , Said Li Junfeng, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, Energy companies will certainly want to subscribe quota. Local pilot is to grope forward, place can make their own deployment. Confused "family property" the first single transactions confusion lie in the former, Guangdong Province carbon emissions trading pilot implementation program (hereinafter referred to as "Guangdong carbon trading scheme"),hollister deutschland, several design agencies of carbon trading patterns quite confidence. Guangdong the carbon emissions visits delegation in Europe before, the carbon trading and there is no "systemic" Guangzhou Institute of Energy Energy Strategy Center Dr., flexibility and adaptabiliy in face of changing environment on the "financial" reporters said, was uncertain until the return from Europe, "from the total emissions determine the amount of quota allocation, to how to regulate the systemic program. Came back from the EU, the above participation "Guangdong carbon trading scheme design agency wrote a special report, and will soon be the deputy governor's approval. Guangdong carbon trading from the research stage into the operational phase. "We learn a lot of foreign practices, the EU's carbon trading patterns most ZHAO Dai Qing,hollister, deputy director of Guangzhou Energy. International carbon emissions trading model including the "Japanese model" of the "EU model" Australian model ". The most important feature of the EU model is pre-free distribution of quotas, the mid-part of the quota is distributed free of charge, part of the auction late to gradually reduce the free quota; characteristics of the "Japanese model" is that the enterprise is not completed in the first phase of the emission reduction targets in the second stage would have to be 1.3 times the emission reduction shortfall; "Australian model" bright spot is a the emissions total no restrictions, companies can buy EU carbon emissions quotas. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, are from draw start carbon trading patterns abroad. But foreign carbon trading patterns can not completely copy to the domestic. The core areas include: general carbon trading market established set of total carbon emissions, the allocation of carbon emission rights to develop trading rules,hollister france, established corporate reporting verification system, the establishment of the registration system managed by the government, the establishment of a trading platform. Establishment of total emissions, is the first step. Domestic and a carbon accounting standard system. EU carbon trading is "bottom-up", "pyramid" structure - the basis of emission data support first, followed by the determination of the total emissions, and finally only the design of the system; domestic carbon trading "since the last down ", ie" inverted pyramid "structure - by constraints on total emissions and control, and then design a trading system, or even lack of basic emissions data do support. "The implementation of the EU's total emission reduction, is an absolute total emission reductions; domestic emission reduction is a relative total emission reduction, because GDP growth, carbon dioxide is also growing, domestic development emission reduction. change, the EU is only a stock concept, we have stock, there are incremental. Chinese characteristics. "Li Zhengxi said. Even relative total emission reductions, emissions data collected is still not easy. British international carbon emissions Disclosure Project CDP (Carbon Dischsure Project) float market capitalization of the 100 listed companies in 2011 conducted a questionnaire survey to collect corporate greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change strategy and action information. 100 listed companies, only 45% (45) of the enterprises to actively respond to, this is the highest participation of Chinese enterprises in the survey of the organization for four consecutive years since. According to the Southern Weekend reported, in order to more accurately known energy condition, most provinces and cities to set up the Energy Conservation Supervision Center to monitor key energy companies reporting enterprise with energy situation, and regularly report to the competent units, such as Guangdong Province to implement March, a newspaper, and Shanghai is a report once a month. Various regions, various industries, carbon emissions still nobody knows for sure. In this regard, the Iron and Steel Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General of Guangdong Province, Dong Lai Seng deep. He recalled the "financial" journalists, Iron and Steel Association since its inception in 2005 has been the carbon emissions of the steel statistics, but "so far there is no exact figures. Reasons: First, associations can only statistics of more than 80 member units, iron and steel enterprises outside the Association had no statistics; steelmaking process of long and short processes, the former carbon refining 1 ton of steel emissions of 2.5 tons and the latter refining carbon emissions of 1 ton of steel is 0.5 tons, the proportion of a process of long and short processes is no way of knowing how many other details. Finance reporter understands, the basis of emission data collected mainly by corporate self-declaration, industry association statistics, intermediary institutions review and the government department in charge of validation to complete. Three in the control of carbon emissions from carbon trading pilot program in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong announced basically take "historical emissions-based, supplemented by industry benchmarks baseline. Guangdong Province, Guangdong is the first batch of nine sectors of electricity, cement,hollister, steel, ceramics, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, plastics and paper into the range of the control row enterprise ". Nine industry in 2011 -2014, any carbon dioxide emissions by 20,Henan Coal Chemical Group,000 tons a year (or the comprehensive energy consumption of 10,000 tons of standard coal) and more enterprises are included in the scope of the control row. Emissions of 10,000 tons a year of carbon dioxide (or a combination of the energy consumption of 5,000 tons of standard coal) and industrial enterprises above the implementation of the carbon emissions reporting system. 827 enterprises in Guangdong Province, according to the above criteria, may be included in the the control row Enterprise ", 1851 included in the reporting enterprise. Determine the number of emissions, the second step is the quota issued. Guangdong carbon trading scheme, "said the" scientific and reasonable carbon emission rights issued quotas, both want to control the row of businesses to grant a quota, but also would be consistent with the scale required new investment projects included in the scope of quota. Quotas for issuing pilot areas have taken free-based, paid the supplementary means. How to determine the quota is a concern in the pilot program. The quota allocation excessive reach emission reduction effect, allocated too little will increase the cost of doing business. Even the European Union, the early because the free distribution of quotas too much, resulting in carbon price once bottoming zero. How to activate the market in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, as a developing country does not need to bear the greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations. The voluntary reductions Chinese companies mainly involved in carbon trading through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project. CDM projects, China will sell carbon emission targets to developed countries, in exchange for financial and technical, developed countries emission reduction quotas. However, as a seller of Chinese enterprises do not have pricing power, completely at a disadvantage. It has also become one of the driving forces of China to actively promote the carbon market. Carbon trading seven pilot areas will all start in the end of 2013, the final point of a unified national market, and the formation of the carbon market with the world. According to the timetable given by the Guangdong carbon trading scheme, carbon trading pilot in Guangdong will be divided into three stages: the first half of 2013, 2012 in preparation for the stage, to determine the total amount of carbon emissions goals, develop a carbon emissions quota regulations develop carbon management and trading system; the second half of 2013 - 2014 for the implementation phase, to start preliminary study of the carbon trading mechanism, start the quota-based carbon trading; 2015 first deepen stage, strive to start the inter-provincial carbon trading . Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong consistent schedule. A person familiar with, "In fact, much the same throughout the pilot program, is nothing more than efforts to promote and program levels of detail is not the same." Seven pilot areas represents the economic level and morphology of the different regions of China. Overall, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and emission reduction will be concentrated in large public buildings, the demonstration significance lies in architecture and urban emission reduction; Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and Tianjin emission reduction is concentrated in the high energy-consuming industries, to the promotion of the national replication greater Reference significance. A short time in a relatively unfamiliar territory and abroad competing against China's carbon trading will repeat the sulfur dioxide trading "theory, the transactions" in the past Exploration of China's sulfur dioxide allowance trading has been for over a decade, but after the first deal since 2002, is still not a real market trading system. Local governments compete to establish Carbon Exchange, to seize the initiative, in order to avoid "fertile water flow to others fields. In this regard, a number of people in the industry, to activate the domestic carbon market. First, the carbon as a commodity, to increase their mobility, to achieve inter-regional trade, and ultimately constitute a cross-regional mandatory carbon market. The participation of institutional investors is also necessary. British Petroleum (BP), began as early as in 1998 the implementation of internal carbon trading system (BPETS). Group member companies involved in the main only in BP mode ", the transaction is not active,hollister, the BP company's early attempts to effect is not ideal. EU carbon trading system (EUETS), through the introduction of intermediaries, banks, etc., EUETS early trading active. However, the lack of intervention of the banks, energy suppliers and other institutions around the carbon trading pilot program in the country has announced. Only the participation of institutional investors will increase the liquidity of the market. The existing foreign experience shows that carbon trading should also increase the subject of the transaction type. At present, the European Union and other developed carbon market spot trading + futures trading of the underlying type. November 2011 the State Council issued the "decision to straighten out the various trading venues to prevent financial risks, futures trading intervals of not less than five days, that" T +5 "mode, while abroad the same day to buy into the day to sell, "T +0" mode. This means that, if the domestic carbon trading only with spot trading, the market level of activity will be far lower than the international carbon market. As Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission has pointed out: "to establish a carbon trading market is a long-term and arduous task." Intern reporter Liang Junyan contribute also to this article: Finance reporter Lu Wei]

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