About Coaster brakes Coasties Custom Wheels
such a hub is pedaled forwards, the sprocket drives a screw which forces a clutch to move along the axle, driving the hub shell or gear assembly. When pedaling is reversed, the screw drives the clutch in the opposite direction, forcing it either between two brake pads and pressing them against the shell, or into a split collar and expanding it against the shell. all means you get one forward gear, you can coast along without pedaling, and if you step back on the pedals you activate the brake and the bike comes to a stop.
Here what a standard Cone Clutch design looks like inside:
Coaster Brakes were invented in (as far as we can tell) 1896 by New Departure. They were an update from Fixed gear bicycles, which was the standard technology of the time.
Since then there have been some improvements. Multiple speeds,www.bootsmaking.com, better materials, Etc.
Coasties uses a low-drag spring in our hubs. This makes pedalling easier and lessens the chances of the spring overheating on long descents.
Likea lot ofthings made and usedon our planetthere are advantages and disadvantages Pros:
Clean. They give you the clean look of fixed gear without all the danger.
Quiet. No clicking, clunking, freewheel or cassette noise.
Safer. Because of the mechanical advantage inherent in the hub, you put less stress on your knees.
Comfortable,bootsmaking. You can run a big, flat BMX pedal without pedalstrike or straps, allowing more comfy everyday riding and shoe choice.
The Hubs are sealed, and are less affected by bad weather, dirt and grime.
These are Get-around-town wheels, not high-tech track wheels. Coaster brakes (like all friction brakes) stop by converting forward motion into heat. Because the braking is done in a small area (inside the hub as opposed to the circumference of a rim), heat build-up can be extreme, especially if the brake is used alone during a long descent. Because of this, Coasterbrakes need to be repacked with grease at least annually.
Coaster brake hubs ain light weight. Internal brake hubs outweigh most cassette and single speed wheels. It makes sense because you are combining your wheels with your brakes.

「じゃ、ないかなと思うの……」「……」　飛鳥がテーブルに両肘をついて、組んだ手のひらに顎を乗せて京子を見た。あどけない顔をして、首を小さく傾げる。「でも、だとしたら、もうホントに意味がわかんないよー」「うん……わかんないのよ」「何考えてるのー？」　それがわかれば苦労はしない。　一矢の行動の意味が、京子には全くわからなかった。一矢本人にでさえ自らの行動に収拾がいささかついていないと来れば尚のこと、わかるはずもないのだが。クロエ 新作
「あのね、だけどね……」「うんー」「……べ、弁護、する、わけじゃない、けど……」　嘘だ。明らかに自分は一矢の弁護をしようとしている。飛鳥に対してではなく……言葉に出すことによって、誰より自分自身に対して。「あの人、本当はね……物凄く、物凄く……不器用なんじゃ、ないかなあ」「だって、女の子慣れ、してるんでしょ？」ボッテカヴェネタ
「そうだけど。そういう意味じゃなくて。女の子の扱いとかそういうことには、確かに凄く器用なのかもしれない。にこにこしながら、平気で嘘とかつくのかもしれない……」「……」「だけどね、何て言うのかな……」　どう表現すれば良いかに困って、京子は一度言葉を切った。言葉を切って、一矢の姿を思い浮かべる。笑顔に覗かせる陰、優しくするのに傷つけようとする一貫性の読み取れない行動……どこか感じる、自分自身への、苛立ちのような、もの……。クロエ バック
「……生きることに」「え？」「生きることに、不器用みたいって言うか……」　言ってみると、何だかくさい言葉のような気がして、京子は微かに赤面した。けれど他に表現が見当たらず、更に言葉を探して視線を彷徨わせる。「何て言うのかな。ええと……真面目に」　言いかけて、目を見開く。答えを見つけたような気がした。シーバイクロエ
　そう、多分、そうなのだ。「真面目に、自分とか他人と向き合うことを、怖がってるみたいな……そんな、気が、する……」「え？」「他の人と、本当の意味で深い関わりを持つことを、避けてる……んじゃ、ないかな……」http://www.chloebottegavenetasale.biz
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Abstract: otherness aesthetic is formed on the basis of the philosophy of otherness. Levinas departure from his transcendence, the aesthetic feeling beyond the experience of consciousness bred 11s online, defined as the U.S. is determined to be the primitive state of the object. His aesthetic natural tendencies, and deny the aesthetic transcendence. At the same time, he believes that beauty only "material" reduction, it goes beyond existence, therefore, not the subject nor the object has nothing to do with people. While this idea to get rid of the body, but negative aesthetic intersubjectivity. Another otherness esthetician Louis that aesthetic stems from the Road, said he has ethical. Art otherness in language, text, creation, and accept all aspects of aesthetic public, objectivity rather than subjectivity activities. This theory beyond the aesthetic and intersubjective sexual variation. Essentially otherness aesthetics stressed that, in fact he's transcendence and non subjectivity is a distorted form of transcendence and main theory. In this sense, the occurrence of otherness aesthetics, certainly aesthetic intersubjectivity and transcendence opens up the road.
Chinese papers http://www.xzbu.com/4/view-3908777.htm
Keywords: otherness; intersubjectivity; the otherness aesthetic
in No.: B83-02 Document code: A Article ID :1672-4283 (2012) 06-0038-07
Received date :2011-12-25
Fund: Fujian Social Science Planning Project (20098133)
About the author: YANG, male Harbin, Huaqiao University Distinguished Professor, Ph.D. tutor. The
otherness is an important theme of modern Western philosophy, post-colonial, feminist, ecological doctrine even in Derrida's deconstruction, Foucault's discourse theory of power, has a figure of otherness. Built based on the otherness aesthetics in the top of otherness philosophy also become important genre of Western aesthetics. The otherness aesthetics through the affirmation of the absolute other, deny the subjectivity of aesthetics, also deny the realist aesthetic, and thus laid the foundation stone for the aesthetics of the Combination of intersubjectivity and transcendence form of antithesis. In otherness aesthetics breeds intersubjectivity and transcendence, intersubjectivity and transcendence in the form of a variation.
he theory proposed
the otherness theory washback theory of subjectivity, it is not self, but absolutely he is primitive, he specified by me exist. Otherness theory is a reflection of modernity, subjectivity of criticism. But from the theoretical roots, but also the internal logic of the development of philosophy itself. So, let's examine the historical origins of the theory of otherness.
In Levinas's view, all metaphysics are identity of philosophy, which exist seen as being the same or the same subject and object. The Identity in fact rational core, rational is to grasp all the phenomena of the world get unity and consciousness with the object the same. Philosophical ontology is to establish the identity, by looking for the presence of primitive, according to grasp everything. Existence of identity, not only the existence of the same in the presence of which is the theme of the ancient ontological philosophy; important subject and object of the same, which is the theme of modern epistemology and modern ontological philosophy. But in the history of philosophy, the same argument, in particular, the subject and object of the same, and did not succeed, thus leaving space for otherness. The
Ancient Western Philosophy entity object ontology philosophy, there is as a super-existence of that entity, the entity so that the presence of those who have identity. The ancient Western philosophy is the philosophy of the identity of the entity theory based on the presence. Parmenides first proposed the concept of existence, "exists" thought, and put forward "thinking with the presence of the same proposition. Since then, Western philosophy on development along the same philosophy. The ancient system of philosophy, the subject has not been established to be the principal object entity, while the self is the only entity observer. Similarly, the Ancient Western Philosophy him the position, because the origin of the world as the entity is not his, but the main (non-human). Only as an observer with the entity relationship is the relationship between the external perception. Medieval philosophy God as an entity, but God is not he Michael Kors Outlet Online, but the main body, but rather the loss of the status of the subject. In short, the ancient European philosophy has not been established otherness. This philosophy based on ancient Western aesthetics US entity attributes, has nothing to do with people, and not the main, the United States did not. Thus he did not he, the United States is not the main face. Such as the Pythagoreans that the United States is the number of harmony; Plato believed that the United States is the idea of ​​the glorious secular aesthetic concept of fuzzy memory; Aristotle believed that imitation of the real thing, the medieval aesthetics Beauty is God's attributes, and so on. The
Ancient Western philosophy to the same phenomenon, the entity concept seems to solve the problem of the identity of the existence of those. But it does not solve a problem, that is the question of the identity of the subject and object. Since ancient philosophy entity ontology, thinkers, not the subject, his only spectator outside entity, the relationship between he and the entity is ignored, actually conceal the identity between me and the world, that is, to cover up the question of the identity of the real presence. Modern Philosophy aware of the problem, and start thinking about the entities ability to be understanding, to prove in order to avoid the problem of dogmatism, so he formed the epistemological philosophy of modern subjectivity. The
modern philosophy philosophy of subjectivity epistemology, it is the pursuit of the question of the identity of the subjectivity based on my understanding of the world. Ability of the epistemological philosophy visits know and understanding of the limits of the entity concept final by doubt and denial. Epistemological philosophy, self become the main body, and materialized to become the basis of being. Descartes proposed "I think, therefore I am" proposition, I think, to become the world according to the presence of the same in my thinking. Kant transcendental rationality as the basis of the experience of the world, there is the same transcendental ego. Hegelian philosophy body, both the main and alienation as object, construct a philosophy of self-awareness, self reversion logic history system, so there is the same in absolute spirit. Similarly, the aesthetics of the Modern aesthetics of subjectivity, as the beauty of the entity attributes into a body to grasp the form of the world. Baumgarten the perceptual aesthetic is the perfect, Kant argued that aesthetic belongs to the affective domain, the activities of judgment, is the emotional to the rational, the phenomenon of the transition to the body in the form; Hegel beauty is the concept of perceptual appearance, is also a sensual form of rational knowledge. Subject and objective entity concept negation. Kant denied subjective entity, self just transcendental consciousness; objective entity (thing in itself) expelled from the understanding of the field, just as the object of faith. Hume simply deny the existence of an entity that is the product of wrong thinking. Hegel ideas as entities, while the main, it is self-denial in the history of sports, which distanced itself from traditional entity theory.
If the objectivity of ancient philosophy, aesthetics main location, the modern philosophy of subjectivity, aesthetics is not he the position jordan 13 he got game. The opposite pattern of subject and object, the world is the main object of the loss of his status. However, the philosophy of subjectivity insurmountable difficulties, this is the world can not be completely main assimilation, understanding and foreign in the object can not be completely cut, the main object can not be the same. Therefore, the philosophy of subjectivity can not get rid of dualism, the shadow of the entity is still shrouded in the philosophy of subjectivity. This is a more profound ontological predicament. Descartes' "I think, therefore I am", the self-entity, and I think in me, and thus deduced the existence of the world, the establishment of a spiritual entity with material substance dualism, and it still retains the God of this super deduced entities, the infinite concept as the main sources and based on. In this way, the infinite or God become an absolute otherness. Kant proposed the main understanding the limitations, in the phenomenal world, the world is an experience to grasp the object; body sector, the world is still not grasp the thing in itself. Things in themselves beyond pure reason he just practical rationality object. Hegel, philosophy is both subject and entities, separated by subject and object concept through the logic and history of stroke to the same self-consciousness, absolute spirit. This romantic philosophy eliminate subject-object opposition to the establishment of an overall same philosophy. He used his dialectic established as the main opposition, but eventually attributed to the same. Hegel's philosophy, however, faces an old problem, that is his main entity concept and its alienation of objects (the last as the history of the main body of the people), and as a philosophical thinkers masked out, to be assimilated among the subjects of history. Therefore, Hegel's philosophy is the overall objective idealist philosophy, there is no self-main location. Is missing his system suffered a Waterloo, modern philosophy sublation. This means that Hegel's philosophy does not really solve the same problem of the subject and the world of the (individual). In short, in the pattern of subject-object dichotomy, subjectivity is impossible to eliminate the existence of an entity, which implies a lingering figure. Is the due to subjectivity philosophy can not eliminate the entity can not overcome the subject-object opposition, in order to achieve the same modern philosophy towards intersubjectivity. Intersubjectivity Philosophy seeks to replace the relationship between the subject and the subject of the relationship between subject and object, in order to achieve the existing identity. However, a problem in the construction of intersubjectivity philosophy, others with the self-same issues have not been resolved smoothly, leading to the occurrence of otherness philosophy. Intersubjectivity concept comes from Husserl, intersubjectivity him to get rid of the plight of the transcendental subject. Husserl's phenomenology different from modern consciousness philosophy, is that it abandoned the concept of entity, with intent to eliminate the separation of consciousness and object, subject and object same. Levinas such commentary said: "The intent is not the main trying way associated with the object it is the intention to form the main body and the subject it is to transcend their own." In order to avoid a priori self However, my theory suspect, he raised the possibility of a different transcendental ego is formed between the consensus, which is the principal asked concepts. But his main Inter confined to the epistemological domain, did not enter the ontological, not get rid of the phenomenology of transcendental subject, and I and others intersubjectivity psychological identity, which is a non- exist on the same, the same non-dialogue, inter a dead body. But the intent is not to eliminate the opposition of subject and object, since the establishment of the self must be the premise of an object, so the subject does not have an absolute, it can not construct objects. Heidegger sought to exclude the subject-object dualism opposing through this in the World - survive to reach the presence of the same. But because of this priority in the world is still the main world. Heidegger's "total" is not identical in total in the regulations as a sink, others self loss of authenticity. Heidegger tried in surviving through this special experience (facing the fear of death) to comprehend the meaning of existence, to achieve the same with the world. But the effort did not succeed, because death is the death of others, is not the object of self-experience, the face of the experience of death can not comprehend the meaning of existence. An existentialist philosopher Sartre examines the relationship between the main body, he thinks others and self is absolutely opposed to the gaze of others I objectify others is hell "and thus deny me and others the same possible.
is unable to demonstrate the presence of identity because traditional philosophy and modern philosophy, Levinas was another way to simply deny the identity put forward the theory of otherness. The otherness theory can be seen as the theory of subjectivity and ontological Washback intersubjectivity and transcendence theory of variation. Not its main subject and object main the same, but the self-subject and the absolute other asymmetric relationship to the absolute otherness transcendence jordan 13 he got game, thus establishing a non-identity philosophy.
otherness philosophical critique
Levinas proceed against identity philosophy, the establishment of the philosophy of otherness. He believes that the identity of philosophy from Parmenides masking him the presence of modern ontological philosophy pursuit of subjectivity same is also true. So, it is necessary to oppose entity theory, but also against the main theory, ontological, What is the way out of the philosophy of it? Levinas proposed, in the presence of outside, there is an absolute otherness. Therefore, we must go beyond self, beyond existence, beyond phenomenological and ontological philosophy, ethics based on him as the "existence" of a different kind in the fundamental areas. Thus, absolutely he issued a call to me, I am he who bears an ethical obligation, "close" to others, the main "for his. He said: "The proper meaning of the subjectivity is close, but this closeness is the meaning of representation is the 'he's a' establishment, meaning precisely each topic in reflection means that establish. "
The paradox is that Levinas toward him by starting from my presence. He believes that I desire (as opposed to the specific needs of) the face of infinite, beyond self-centered, point to the absolute other (not specific others), this is good, good higher than exist, thus breaking the identity. Under his absolute self and others met, he called me, I tend to him by his enriched my achievements I make my otherness beyond. The non-reality of him as the "face" and "speech" embodied others, others and I have a non-symmetry, constitutes his ethical relationship. This practice typically reflected in Eros on Eros heterosexual, and dissimilarity "he maintained. Levinas absolute other behind the shadow of God, and his God to determine who he is outside of his who is by nature before the "otherness" (illeity); he is not an entity, not as a phenomenon directly cognition, and can only be reflected in an ethical "trace (trace).
the Levinas' otherness theory, rebelled completely subjective philosophy, breaking the identity of the philosophical tradition, beyond existence (survival), the important development of modern philosophy the impact. He proposed, in fact provides a construct for the philosophy of intersubjectivity and transcendence inspired to promote philosophy-oriented and think about my relationship with others. The The Levinas otherness theory is the antithesis of the philosophy of subjectivity, but also by the philosophy of subjectivity to intersubjectivity philosophical transition; him beyond ideological existence (survival), also indicates that the presence of Philosophy the transformation. However, the the otherness theory itself there are still important defects must criticize, to building a more robust intersubjectivity and transcendence philosophy.
First of all, the starting point of of Levinas otherness theory is self, by the presence of the self to the absolute other is a paradox. Logically, if it is determined that the self is primitive, is the starting point, self has its own regulations is bound to, or can not be called self he got game 13s, and therefore it can not be deduced from the absolute others. Levinas never self desires starting to derive absolute otherness, the desire is not the function of the self, it touches from his the call, self-regulations he, thus losing their own. A completely specified by self is no self, no individual thing, and thus can not be called self. Levinas believes that the desire point he completely self, or even self-denial. He said: "Sex and the desire for absolute otherness. However, the fallacy of this thinking is that the premise of self and others each other, each can independently be the premise of self as a prerequisite, as the others as a prerequisite committed a fundamental error. On this premise, introduced by my desire absolute other equally unfounded. The Levinas distinguish the desires and needs of the specific needs of subjectivity, for my limited overall desire otherness, for him, infinite. He believes that the desire is the desire for the absolute other "metaphysical desire. But his desire and the need to completely cut off, it can not account for the specific needs and overall desire is what relationship, why the need to subjectivity and the desire to get rid of the subjectivity of otherness? The so-called general desire is actually the main fundamental pursuit, it should be transcendent, beyond the specific needs of survival, while pointing to the existence of itself, pointing to freedom. Therefore, the desire is bound to the provisions and disposable needs Michael Kors Outlet Store, need also inevitable based on the desire to transcendence, that is beyond itself points to the desire. Moreover, the so-called desire must be with You Zixing, is the sublimation of self, rather than self disappears; self-nature, can not be said to be entirely derived from the otherness, to him who. Introduced by self or desire absolute otherness, not logical. Similarly, the "absolute" nor prescriptive, he drifted away from the presence of outside, has nothing to do with me, this is the absolute existence of a God-like. Just because he did not own regulations, so there can be no "summon" require self. Second, Levinas thinking beyond the existence of non-identity. He believes that the desire for self infinite point Michael Kors Satchels, by him, with the transcendent. Derrida comments Levinas desire concept "metaphysical desire is to go beyond. Levinas set an absolute otherness exists outside of his desire, and he's summoned to reach my existence beyond, so as to get rid of the existing identity. That is to say, he who exists outside of he who I asymmetric he have absolute self is passive consent unto him by. This the nonidentity philosophy, on the one hand to reveal the reality of survival (Levinas said the existence of actual reality that survival Michael Kors Handbags Outlet, rather than as the presence of the body) in non-authenticity, only beyond reality to survive, in order to establish self; other hand, had a logical contradiction. Because the so-called traditional identity is not only a metaphysical nature also exist. The exist Unlike survival, but I and the world's total in between the I and the world has essentially identity, which is the root of subjectivity. In this way, all the same in the presence of that substance in the presence of outside. It is precisely because the the identity philosophy have ontological problem (according to seek survival), of epistemology (consciousness with the object of the same), the theory of value (the same) of egoism and altruism was able to start philosophical thinking, logical argument before possible. If as Levinas put it outside in the presence of an absolute otherness, there is asymmetric with him who does not have the identity, it will inevitably lead to the existence of fracture can not be all thinking. So, he exists outside It was beyond my understanding, can not understand the monster out of my presence, I can not think about him, grasp him, even I can not be sure he's existence. Existence is the true survival with the world's total in has its own provisions, including sex between the transcendent and the main, so that the survival of the provisions; him by is that I and the world, he who provisions similar to God and to the case of nothingness, so he did not make me get prescriptive. Derrida Levinas he classified as "ghost", because he does not have any provisions, a nervously greet strangers. Levinas avoid ontological and understanding of the relationship with my love and desire to prove he's existence, but the object of Eros also be the object of knowledge, between me and the object must have identity, otherwise is incredible. The
Levinas proposition beyond the existence of Himself by. Therefore, his philosophy of transcendence. But this transcendence is not transcendent reality survival point exists, but a transcendent Himself by. The existence of what he said, before the appearance of beings does not exist by the presence of a nothingness, ilya, beyond is to escape this existence, and found him by Eros and take refuge in him by. Can be limited to certain Levinas has the idea of ​​transcendence, but transcendence has mutated not beyond reality survival regression this really exist, but a transcendent refuge otherness. Regression this there really is a freedom and liberation, and take refuge in that he is a moral responsibility. Levinas's he who is a variant of the entity, God exists but it is the basis of survival. His ontological transcendence correction ethical responsibility, ethics does not have freedom, it is in the real field, real transcendence toward freedom, is beyond the reality of survival.
Finally, Levinas otherness philosophy involves intersubjectivity. Levinas deny the existence of identity, and the existence of the identity is the root of intersubjectivity, so he will deny identity intersubjectivity. He who has the absolute and summon the self; self-passive, compliance, he's summoned, and obtained from him by essentially become his self. I and he who does not constitute the equal dialogue relations, but the dependence of this is certainly not the intersubjectivity relationship. But Levinas, through the intervention of the third party, he who gives my ethical responsibility is reflected in my relationships with others, I am the Eros of others, the ethical relationship between people "proximity", which is a subjective Inter. At the same time, he believes this intersubjective relationship still does not have the identity, others have priority for self, I for his presence. For others in this relationship, I exist, others maintain independence Michael Kors Jet Set, dissimilarity, I will not merge into one. Therefore, this is a kind of "asymmetrical intersubjectivity". This theory is actually the intersubjectivity theory otherness distorted main connotation mutation and deletion, it does not have the identity, but merely a unilateral responsibility. Called intersubjectivity, from the point of view of the ontology, is that there is this really survive, I and the world's total in intersubjectivity with the world and each other through dialogue, exchanges to achieve understanding and sympathy, so as to achieve the same. This intersubjective nature is not in real life, real life due to the relationship between the alienation of people with the world (including human beings) is mainly the relationship between subjectivity, my confrontation with the world, they are "people person wolf "(Hobbes)," others is hell "(Sartre) the extreme argument;, in turn, also exist between the main confer survival limited intersubjectivity, or say, stems from the limited survival intersubjectivity absolute intersubjectivity, and so have my ethical relationships with others, and limited sympathy and understanding. Levinas so-called ethical asymmetry between me and others, in fact, right and wrong in this really real identity fracture between me and the world in the sphere of existence, but it is still hidden behind the existing identity symmetry, the former is just incomplete style "of the latter, it is Levinas does not understand. the
of Levinas's absolutely he does not have provisions, he can not be given to the relationship between me and the world intersubjectivity refuge for him just the loss of subjectivity, rather than intersubjectivity obtained. Sexual relations with others intersubjectivity dissimilarity, but rather the reality of limited subjects Inter can not get rid of the shackles of subjectivity, because it is not founded on the the existing corpus Inter, but is based on his outer In. Levinas claimed that the establishment of an ethical philosophy, but this ethical philosophy is not based on the inter-subjectivity, but self-deprivation, my ethical responsibility to others as unilateral, rather than mutual therefore inhuman. Only the return of this really exists, in order to realize intersubjectivity, and also in order to overcome the limitations of reality ethical relationship. The
otherness aesthetic
on the basis of the philosophy of otherness, otherness aesthetic. The first is the aesthetic ideology of otherness in Levinas. Levinas's otherness philosophy advocates a transcendent point otherness, which means that we can in the relationship and place in the world to get rid of the world ", which constitutes a transcendent relationship, and the aesthetic, art is that transcendence way. He said: "...... arts let them out of the world, and thus to get rid of such a main affiliation." Here "they" refers to the aesthetic object, they get rid of the control of the subjectivity and return otherness that "up", "things up, restore substance is the fact that 'ilya'. He cites the "reality" is still out of tune with the world as a thing to be given "modernist art, they are" nakedly presented to us ", which means" form "or" the world go absent formalization "of all things," the true state of return. Psychologically speaking, he believes, the aesthetic is out of the perception and reconstruction feeling. Perception of the world has lost a comfortable external ", that is, relative to the opposite sex, and" art movement is out of the perception in order to rebuild the feeling is that the quality of things separated from the object returned. Aesthetic to face otherness world a defamiliarization, passive feeling - "exotic sense, is called" aesthetic different in nature ". He said: "feeling and aesthetic performance of the thing itself, not to think of them as more advanced object but exclude all objects, such feeling and aesthetic formation of a new factor - it all 'external' (dehors distinction between insulation), and 'internal' (dedans), and even refused to be classified notional category. "restore and art objects" exotic sense of the so-called aesthetic, is actually the aesthetic world he Person. Levinas said that "the United States (the Beautiful) can be as a face (Face) to discuss the" beauty and goodness have some similarities, are embodied otherness. Levinas' ethics as first philosophy, so he thinks that "the United States is not the ultimate" lower than the ethics, and even aesthetic is a not accessible "ethical unlimited" pseudo beyond, "Interpenetrating between" sex the original experience, is a need to "wake up" and "charm". He said: "But the (aesthetic - cited by Note) which also charm (enchantment) possibility." Aesthetic equivalent purely perceptual or original experience, belittle the aesthetic, and even anti-American science tendency jordan 11 bred. The
the otherness aesthetic Levinas trying departure from his transcendence, the aesthetic feeling beyond the experience of consciousness that is defined as "purely emotional", the U.S. is determined to be the primitive state of the object. The reasonableness of this line of thought is that the established aesthetic transcendence. Aesthetic indeed beyond the experience of consciousness, aesthetic object really is not realistic, and the object of experience. However, the defects of his aesthetic ideas that go beyond than he was summoned, but survival to the regression. Also, he is equivalent to the aesthetic consciousness feeling, equivalent to the aesthetic object separated from the main body of the object itself. Restore the aesthetic sense of not feeling the level of consciousness, not feeling, but a transcendent sense of freedom; aesthetic objects is not this really the reduction of the "objects", but the presence of regression of the primitive world. The transcendence Levinas are talking about the United States, in fact, not true beyond, but a naturalistic restore. This is a decision by the philosophy of otherness, he's not really beyond the beyond. In this way, he virtually denied the aesthetic transcendence, freedom and humanism, which is due to him by his provisions for ethical primitive aesthetic than ethical behavior, and therefore can not fully embody his absolute.
At the same time, Levinas aesthetic ideology also has non-intersubjective tendency. He believes that beauty only "material" reduction, it goes beyond existence, therefore, not the subject, not the object, but only a heterogeneity his. While this idea to get rid of the subjectivity, also pointed out that the aesthetic non-realistic, but it denied the aesthetic intersubjectivity, aesthetic objects become otherness "things". Obviously, this view excludes aesthetic subject, does not meet the people's aesthetic experience. In order to be able to justify, he talked about works of art as "he" sexual relationship with the self-occur intersubjectivity. He believes, is the aesthetic sense of the exotic, which had produced the art aesthetic sympathy. He said that those who become his art from the real world, so that the work of art has a personality. "The authenticity of art is an expression of the soul of the way. To produce sympathy (sympathie) these things the soul or the mind of the artist, the exotic feeling into our world. Similarly, others heterogeneity is still as 'I' (alter ago, that 'self allogeneic'), capable of eliciting sympathy, above the same situation happens. "aesthetic sympathy constituting with the world's main Inter, but here in Levinas otherness Intersubjectivity is contradictory. Art or aesthetic object is no me he can not produce aesthetic sympathy, nor the formation of inter-subjectivity, because between me and him who is asymmetric. If I produce aesthetic sympathy aesthetic object or work of art, then it means that the intersubjectivity between aesthetic object or work of art is not he who. The
Levinas pioneered otherness philosophy is not isolated cs Lewis is fellow. Lewis proposed in its human deposed in the "Road" (tao) as fundamental objective value, it sets the Confucian daily family and I often Road ", the Gospel of John in the beginning was the Word" super experience in one. He believes that, said the objectivity of value, deposed against modern Western instrumental rationality of objective value, which will inevitably lead to the people deposed. Louis from the "Road" objectivity, transcendence come out of otherness. He who is self-faced another subject, to enter intersubjectivity sight. He proposed that the self has an inability to curb demand - "longing", which is equivalent to Levinas "metaphysical desire. Longing pointing to him, he's desires. Louis otherness philosophy the following basic points: first, the object in the subjective self with the objective value beyond subjective. Second, self-shall abandon self, object as another subject to be understanding, acceptance, appreciation and respect. In his view, the relationship between the people should be reflected Road that harmony and love. Third, self-he who provides that and also containing satisfied in him among those who. Lewis's philosophy of otherness and Levinas have in common, and this is his transcendence, primitive. At the same time, they also have different, that Levinas completely canceled otherness self, self completely Person, Therefore the intersubjectivity between I and others are asymmetrical. Louise that I and others have a harmonious and caring relationship, which has a symmetrical body inter. This view conflict with otherness philosophy itself, but also reflects Lewis philosophy reasonable side. Because of this, Lewis to complete constructed the aesthetics of otherness. The
Lewis believes the United States is also a manifestation of Road. He said: "We must be logical given the reality ...... also give moral standards. Moreover, we really no reason not to and it gives the same standard of beauty." In accordance with the philosophy of otherness, Louis aesthetic ideas embodied otherness . In his view, the otherness of the arts is reflected in the language, text, creation, and accept all aspects of. First of all, the language of which he refers to sexual "... we are thinking through words, into a word beyond the non-words, non-literary situation ... This is read ..." Iliad "word 'Rage' is to lead our thinking to anger, entirely external to the well-known poems, outside is the stuff of literature. "Furthermore, he pointed out that poetry is not personal privacy language and self-expression, but objectivity: meant every word, and should never be alone is a poet's private and personal thing, and should be public, common, non-personal, objective that night, oak, with stars everyone of us can see the common world, then at least something each of us have the same sense of the world; only the World Bank is the poet drawn checks. "he also believes that, of creation intentions and creative context of otherness. He believes that the significance of reading is consistent with the author's intention, therefore, "is just to understand the significance is not enough, we need to find the intended meaning of" readers can learn the language knowledge into the historical context, understanding the style of the genre channels close to the author's intentions.
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